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The new facility in Funza follows the opening a 3,500-square-meter center in Panama last year and comes as part of a wider strategy to expand in the region.

"The subject of mining is captured in the culture and the tradition that we have," says Supía Mayor Marco Antonio Londoño Zuluaga.

Despite growing concerns among residents, experts said the Gaitanistas and Tren de Aragua both lack the foothold to wage all-out war and that a dramatic rise in insecurity would be unlikely.