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José Manuel Sierra Sabogal, alias Zarco Aldinever, second-in-command of ex-FARC group Segunda Marquetalia, was killed in an August ambush.

tren de Araguá has been establishing itself in Colombia, despite resistance from existing criminal structures.

Colombia's President Gustavo Petro campaigned on a promise of "Total Peace" but guerilla groups are thriving during his term, showing no interest in ceasing crime or terrorism.

Guerrilla-paramilitary clashes in Bajo Cauca evolved since the 1990s, with demobilizations fueling new conflicts and criminal rivalries.

Colombia signed the Ottawa Treaty in 1997, but only in 2016 did FARC, its largest guerrilla group, pledge to assist in demining efforts.

Migrants are paying traffickers to travel from Panama towards Colombia, reversing migration routes.

Colombia's "Total Peace" plan faces challenges as armed groups fragment over drug and gold profits, hindering President Petro's peace negotiations.

The wild claim came during the appointment ceremony of new National Police head, Brigadier General Carlos Fernando Triana.

President Petro is being forced to confront the possibility that his flagship security policy may only have partial peace in its sights.

Negotiations between Colombia and armed groups do not include a ceasefire between feuding criminal factions — and civilians remain caught in the crossfire.